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The world is becoming a place where the number of emergencies and humanitarian crises is increasing rapidly due to economic inequality and the gap between developed and underdeveloped countries, as well as climate changes leading to disruption of the natural balance and development of natural disasters. The most vulnerable groups of the population including women and children always are affected by disasters. The younger the child, the more vulnerable he/she is, especially if not naturally fed or having a mother or parents. Various humanitarian organizations have been involved in a number of crises, with the World Health Organization and UNICEF and other United Nations-related organizations leading the way. In the care of mothers, infants and young children, most important is to ensure appropriate nutrition because otherwise it can result in life-threatening health conditions. The lack of protection, support and promotion of natural nutrition (breastfeeding) and its disruption and undermining by uncritical and uncontrolled donations and distribution of infant formula are the biggest challenge due to the lack of information of mothers, those who provide support in emergencies from both governmental and non-governmental sector, without cross-sectoral cooperation, thus causing uncoordinated and sometimes harmful interventions. Therefore, it is recommended that governments issue guidelines on infant and young child nutrition prior to the occurrence of an emergency, and crisis management regulations in which the issue of infant and young child nutrition will be given due consideration.Copyright © 2020 Croatian Paediatric Society. All rights reserved.
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The COVID-19 pandemic is predicted to trigger a global economic and food supply crisis, which further affects children's nutritional status as a vulnerable group. This study aimed to observe alterations in nutritional status before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (during 2019-2021) and determinant factors involved in the improvement of nutritional status (based on the height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) index category) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings were intended as evidence-based suggestions for policy formulation concerning the improvement of child nutritional status and stunting reductions. This study was part of a cohort study of children's growth and development conducted by National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD) in Bogor city-Indonesia. The analysis was conducted on 565 children under five in 2019 with height measurement data in 2019 and 2021, environmental conditions, parental education, consumption habits, and social assistance. Children were classified as having an improved nutritional status if the HAZ category increased in 2021 compared to 2019. In addition, multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to predict determinant factors involved in improving the child's nutritional status. In this study, 17.5% of children had improved nutritional status, and 79.3% had a steady nutritional status. However, there were 3.2% of children with decreased nutritional status. Model factors determinant related to improved nutritional status includes consumption more than once per week of red meat (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.15;95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06-4.35, p=0.034), milk consumption more than once per week (aOR = 1.56;95% CI: 0.89-2.74, p=0.119), and age under 5 years old (aOR = 1.86;95% CI: 1.14-3.15, p=0.016). Children under five years old, the consumption of red meat and milk more than once a week have the opportunity to improve nutritional status (by height-for-age index) in children.
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Purpose: The nutritional and anthropometric status can be essential in determining their immune response to vaccines. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the association between diet quality and anthropometric indices with the side effects of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine and the SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G titer among Kurdish adults. Design/methodology/approach: This cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted between December 2021 and February 2022. This paper included data on 115 adults, 20-89 years old, from the Kurdistan region. Dietary information was collected using a short food frequency questionnaire, and diet quality was assessed using a plant-based healthy diet score. A blood test was performed to measure the SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobin G (IgG) titer after the vaccination's first and second doses. Findings: Overweight and obese subjects reported more local pain, myalgia, headache, local bruising and local reactions after receiving the first dose of the vaccine (p = 0.04). People on a less healthy diet reported more local pain, myalgia and headache (p = 0.04) and more local bruising and reactions (p = 0.01) after receiving the second dose of the vaccine. On the other hand, the authors observed that those with healthy dietary habits had more IgG titer after the first and second doses of vaccination than those with less healthy dietary habits (p = 0.001). Originality/valueThe results showed that participants with a healthy diet and normal weight status had fewer side effects of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine than obese people and those with a less healthy diet.
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The proceedings contain 115 papers. The topics discussed include: clinical and genetic predictors of sickle cell nephropathy in Malawi;clinicohematological characteristics of iron deficiency anemia and hemoglobinopathies in Pakistan;an experience of non-hospital based laboratory;assessment of hematological parameters of petrol filling workers at petrol stations in Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study;burden and risk factor to acute myocardial ischemia in children with sickle cell anemia;dyslipidemia in transfusion-dependent-thalassemia patients and its correlation with serum vitamin D level;impact of COVID-19 pandemic to pre-transfusion hemoglobin level and frequency of transfusion in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients in Indonesia;retinopathy in Egyptian patients with sickle cell disease;and dietary pattern, socio-demographic characteristics and nutritional status of pregnant women attending Barau Dikko teaching hospital and the need to develop recommended dietary allowance and dietary reference intakes for sickle cell disease patients.
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Introduction and objective: Functional Intestinal Constipation is a disease of high prevalence and origin not fully clarified. However, its primary treatment involves lifestyle changes, like improving eating habits, exercising and increase of water intake. Materials and Methods: According to this, the present study aimed to evaluate intestinal habits and associated factors of teachers from a municipal school in the city of Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul. Thus, a cross-sectional study was made with teachers aged 20 years or over. Data collection was done through an electronic form involving the Bristol Scale Tool, Rome III Criteria and a form about dietary habits based on the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population, sent to the institutional e-mail of the teachers. Socioeconomic issues and water intake were also evaluated. After the collection, data were analyzed by statistical software. Results: The prevalence of functional constipation was 44,7% (The Rome III Criteria) and 24,3% (Bristol Scale Tool). Furthermore, its prevalence was 1,727 times (95%CI = 1,135;2,629) higher in the. With moderate / regular eating habits compared to habits with excellent practices. Discussion: Results similar to the study are observed in the literature. Conclusion: This way, the present study observed that the prevalence of constipation was related to the eating habits of the studied population.
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The coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic is the defining global health crisis of our time and the greatest challenge we have faced since World War II. The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in Wuhan, China, and spread around the world. Coronavirus is one of the major pathogens that mainly target the human respiratory system. This pandemic is posing severe threats to international health and the economy. Undernourished people have weaker immune systems, and may be at greater risk of severe illness due to the virus. At the same time, poor metabolic health, including obesity and diabetes, is strongly linked to worse Covid-19 outcomes, including risk of hospitalization and death. Symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, trouble of breathing, fatigue, body aches, headache, sore throat, loss of taste and smell, nausea, diarrhea, etc. Globally, there have been 151, 803, 822 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in 213 countries, including 3, 186, 538 deaths till date (May 2021), as reported to WHO. As of 28 April 2021, a total of 1, 011, 457, 859 vaccine doses have been administered. In addition to the well-known personal hygiene and preventive measures against the new coronavirus (COVID-19), we can also follow some simple recommendations regarding our nutrition that strengthen our immune system and could better prepare us for an epidemic in which the virus rapidly spreads to many people within a short period of time. One thing we can do is to eat as healthily as possible. Although no food could prevent or treat coronavirus transmission alone, a balanced diet, including all food groups, supports an effective immune system and may provide protection against infections. To preserve organism defense mechanisms, adequate nutritional status should be maintained with appropriate intakes of energy, vitamins, minerals, and water that should be continuously provided by a healthy diet. Hence, the common denominator that drives most of the nutrition and dietary recommendations to combat viral infections, including COVID-19, lies within the link between diet and immunity. Foods rich in vitamins A, D, E, C, dietary fibre, Zn, Se, iron, etc. should be taken. The person should keep himself or herself well hydrated. The responsibility of the individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic lies in making an effort to choose a healthy lifestyle, eat diets high in fruits and vegetables, exercise during free time, try to maintain a healthy weight, and get an adequate amount of sleep. In addition to taking care of one's dietary intake, the collective responsibility of individuals is to avoid the spread of misinformation related to nutrition and dietary intake, and the COVID-19. Since the outbreak, networks of social media were flooded by messages of single foods/herbs promising cure or prevention of the infection. The effects of such unfounded claims could lead to negative implications ranging from giving a false sense of protection against the infection to toxicity. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.
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PurposeThis study aims to evaluate the reflection of COVID-19 pandemic anxiety experienced in adults on nutritional habits during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted with 600 adults aged between 19 and 64 years. The general characteristics of the individuals, nutritional habits, use of dietary supplements and COVID-19 pandemic anxiety before and during the pandemic period were questioned via a Web-based questionnaire. COVID-19-related anxiety was assessed using The COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S) and The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 24.0.FindingsIn this study, 49.8% of the participants stated that their appetite and food consumption amount increased during the pandemic period. The rate of use of dietary supplements among individuals was found to be 40%. It was observed that the mean body weight and body mass index increased significantly in both genders during the COVID-19 pandemic. It has been determined that anxiety about COVID-19 is higher in individuals and women who start using nutritional support during the pandemic period. The total C19P-S and STAI scores of those who started using a dietary supplement during the pandemic were significantly higher than those who did not use a dietary supplement. Similarly, those whose eating habits changed positively and those who bought more packaged products had higher C19P-S scale mean scores (p < 0.05).Originality/valueDuring the COVID-19 period, it is important to reduce the anxiety levels of individuals, provide psychological support, raise awareness of adequate and balanced nutrition and the correct use of dietary supplements to adapt to the new lifestyle.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be life threating if untreated. Early diagnosis and effective nutritional management can save life. To assess the nutritional status and predict possible outcomes of critical patients Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), nutrition risk in critically ill patients (NUTRIC), and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) score has been used. This retrospective observational study was conducted on confirmed COVID-19 cases in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Shifa hospital between November 24, 2020 to May 31, 2021. The demographic, clinical and laboratory information was obtained from hospital records. Risk factors for COVID-19 were identified and compared using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The nutritional risk for each patient was assessed. In this study 162 COVID-19 patients with median age of 64 years (IQR: 56-74) were included. Hypertension (59.2%) was found to be the most common comorbidity and the most prevalent symptoms upon admission were fever (54.9%). The patients in critical condition were supplied nutrients through nasogastric route (61.7%) while 37.7% and 0.6% were assisted through oral and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) route. The Glasgow comma score was found to be mild (72.2%) (GCS>12) with increased creatinine, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein (CRP C), and glycosylated haemoglobin HbA1c level were present. Interestingly based on SOFA, APACHE and NUTRIC score low insignificant malnutrition risk was observed. Our study found different demographic factors and comorbidities have a substantial impact on COVID-19 patients, as evidenced by demographic, laboratory, clinical, and nutritional risk factors.
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Introduction There is currently a lack of evidence on clinical nutrition in Covid-19. Aim of the work: Systematic overview of clinical nutrition in Covid-19. Material and methods A systematic literature search: 2 meta-analyses, 12 systematic reviews and meta-analyses, 9 prospective randomized controlled trials, 3 prospective observational studies, 7 retrospective studies, 25 narrative reviews. Results a) Obese patients have an increased risk of a severe course of the disease, b) there is a connection between obesity and an increased risk of death, c) Covid-19 mortality increases from a BMI>27 kg/m2, in all BMI classes 1,6% per 1 kg/m2 in the event of weight gain, in the case of severe obesity (> 40-45 BMI) by a factor of 1,5 to 2 and per 5 kg/m2, d) the risk of a severe course of Covid-19 increases also with increased visceral fat tissue percentage, total body fat mass and upper abdominal circumference, e) the mortality rate can be 10 times higher in malnourished Covid-19 patients, f) serum albumin provides evidence of a poor course of the disease, g) enteral omega-3 fatty acid intake could stabilize kidney function and improve the outcome, h) foods with a low glycemic index should be preferred, i) vitamin D deficiency should be avoided, daily vitamin D and zinc supplementation can be beneficial, j) one-time high dose vitamin D and enteral vitamin C provide no benefit, but the risk of thrombosis could be reduced and the antibody response enhanced with zinc, k) nutritional intervention reduces mortality. Conclusion Screening and assessment of nutritional status are important in Covid-19 patients. Overall, there are insufficient clinical results on specific nutritional therapy.Copyright © 2022 Georg Thieme Verlag. All rights reserved.
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose challenges for healthcare systems across the world. Many patients infected with the virus, whether mild or severe, have nutritional complications ranging from poor appetite to the need for nutrition support. Limited research has shown that nutritional status plays a significant role in disease outcomes for COVID-19 patients. Although the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition set guidelines for the nutritional management of COVID-19 patients, to date there are few major studies investigating the association between nutritional risk and outcomes in these patients. Thus, the purpose of this study is to assess the association between nutritional status and outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and to identify the most common feeding practices among these patients. Method(s): A descriptive research design was used. Researchers reviewed the medical records of a random sample of 300 adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 admitted to an academic metropolitan healthcare system between March 2020 to March 2021. Nutritional status was obtained from the admission screening and assessment documentation by a clinical dietitian (RD). Patients were then stratified based on admission nutritional status as malnourished or not. Differences in hospital length of stay (LOS), ICU LOS, ventilator dependence (in hours), and mortality were compared between groups using Mann-Whitney U, independent t-test, and chi-square tests. Result(s): Malnourished patients had a longer median (IQR) length of stay compared to non-malnourished patients (8 days (3,16) vs 4 days (3,8), p = 0.001). More patients who were malnourished expired (10/43, 23.3%) compared to patients who were not malnourished (17/ 257, 6.6%) (p = 0.002). No significant differences were observed in ICU length of stay or hours on a ventilator between groups. Most patients in the study were fed orally (87.3%), while 12.7% were fed enterally, and none of the patients were fed through use of parenteral nutrition. Conclusion(s): Results suggest that malnourished patients with COVID-19 experienced several worse outcomes compared to patients with COVID-19 who were not malnourished during hospitalization. Other known factors that influence outcomes of patients with COVID-19 were not considered in this descriptive study. Subsequent analysis to account for race, obesity, and other comorbidities is needed.
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The antioxidant effects of selenium as a component of selenoproteins has been thought to modulate host immunity and viral pathogenesis. Accordingly, the association of low dietary selenium status with inflammatory and immunodeficiency has been reported in the literature; however, the causal role of selenium deficiency in chronic inflammatory diseases and viral infection is still undefined. The COVID-19, characterized by acute respiratory syndrome and caused by the novel coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2, has infected millions of individuals worldwide since late 2019. The severity and mortality from COVID-19 have been associated with several factor, including age, sex and selenium deficiency. However, available data on selenium status and COVID-19 are limited, and a possible causative role for selenium deficiency in COVID-19 severity has yet to be fully addressed. In this context, we review the relationship between selenium, selenoproteins, COVID-19, immune and inflammatory responses, viral infection, and aging. Regardless of the role of selenium in immune and inflammatory responses, we emphasize that selenium supplementation should be indicated after a selenium deficiency be detected, particularly, in view of the critical role played by selenoproteins in human health. In addition, the levels of selenium should be monitored after the start of supplementation and discontinued as soon as normal levels are reached. Periodic assessment of selenium levels after supplementation is a critical issue to avoid over production of toxic metabolites of selenide because under normal conditions, selenoproteins attain saturated expression levels that limits their potential deleterious metabolic effects.
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COVID-19 , Selenium , Humans , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the effect of perioperative oral nutritional supplementation on the short-term curative effect of obese patients after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Methods: A prospective research method was adopted. The clinical data of 218 obese patients who underwent LSG in Ningxia Medical University General Hospital from January 2018 to December 2021 were selected. The patients who received oral nutritional supplement therapy during the perioperative period were set as the experimental group, and those who received conventional treatment were set as the control group. Observation indicators: (1) Grouping of enrolled patients. (2) Postoperative and follow-up situation. (3) Nutrition-related indicators. (4) Diet compliance. (5) Status of weight loss-related indicators. Follow-up visits were conducted by telephone, We Chat and outpatient visits. The patients were followed up once 30 days after discharge, including albumin (Alb), hemoglobin (Hb), dietary compliance and weight loss-related indicators. The follow-up time will end in February 2022. The measurement data with normal distribution were expressed as x+or-s, and the comparison between groups was performed by independent sample t test. The measurement data is represented by M (range), and the comparison between groups is performed by Mann?Whitney U test. Enumeration data were expressed as absolute numbers or percentages, and the X2 test was used for comparison between groups. Repeated measures data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. The rank sum test was used to compare the rank data. Results (1) Grouping of the enrolled patients. Screened 218 eligible patients;42 males and 176 females;age (32+or-9) years;body mass index (BMI) (39+or-7) kg/m2. Among the 218 patients, there were 109 cases in the test group and 109 cases in the control group. Gender (male, female), age, BMI, preoperative Alb, and preoperative Hb of patients in the test group were 17 and 92 cases, (33+or-9) years old, (39+or-7) kg/m2, (40.6+or-4.8) g /L, (141.7+or-13.9) g/L;the above indicators in the control group were 25 and 84 cases, (31+or-8) years old, (39+or-8) kg/m2, (40.9+or-4.2) g/L, (142.9+or-9.7) g/L;there was no significant difference in the above (X2=1.89, t=-1.52, 0.51, 0.40, 0.71, P > 0.05). (2) Postoperative and follow-up situation. The first hospitalization time and first hospitalization expenses of the patients in the experimental group were (9.1+or-2.9) d and (3.6+or-0.5) ten thousand yuan respectively;the above indicators of the patients in the control group were (4.9+or-1.0) ten thousand yuan respectively;There were statistically significant differences in the above indicators between the two groups (t=5.58, 12.38, P < 0.05). Among the 218 patients, 119 were followed up, including 62 in the experimental group and 57 in the control group. The 119 patients were followed up for 31.0 (25.0-38.0) days. Among the 218 patients, 14 cases had postoperative complications and led to rehospitalization, including 2 cases in the experimental group, 1 case of nausea and vomiting and 1 case of intestinal obstruction;12 cases in the control group, 10 cases of nausea and vomiting, gastric fistula 2 cases;there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in hospital readmission (X2=7.63, P < 0.05). The time interval between re-admission and first discharge of 14 patients was (22.0+or-6.7) days. (3) Nutrition-related indicators. The Alb and Hb levels of 62 patients in the experimental group who were followed up before operation, before the first discharge, and 1 month after operation were (40.4+or-5.5) g/L, (35.9+or-3.8) g/L, (45.4+or-2.9) g/L, respectively and (140.8+or-13.9) g/L, (130.5+or-16.9) g/L, (147.8+or-17.2) g/L;the above indicators of 57 patients in the control group were (41.2+or-3.9) g/L, (34.2 +or-3.9) g/L, (42.7+or-5.3) g/L and (143.0+or-9.7) g/L, (122.9+or-12.8) g/L, (139.0+or-11.4) g/L;There was a statistically significant difference between the Alb and Hb groups from preoperative to postoperative 1 mont
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Background: Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ELX/TEZ/IVA), a triple CFTR modulator combination, has proved to be highly effective in Phe508del homozygous and Phe508del/minimal function compound heterozygous people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF).We report preliminary data on the realworld effectiveness and safety of ELX/TEZ/IVA after 6 months of treatment. Method(s):We collected prospective data on PwCF who started ELX/TEZ/IVA and evaluated changes in pulmonary function (spirometry and lung clearance index [LCI]), nutritional status (body mass index [BMI]), sweat chloride, and rate of hospitalization from baseline to 6 months of treatment. Result(s): Between August 2021 and October 2021, ELX/TEZ/IVAwas started in 24 PwCF (12 female,10 Phe508del-homozygous, median age 20.5 (range 13-37), all with pancreatic insufficiency). After 6 months of treatment, all respiratory function indicators improved (median change: +16% percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second, +12% percentage predicted forced vital capacity, +23% percentage predicted forced expiratory flow at 25/75%, -2 lung clearance index). Improvement was also observed in BMI (+0.41 z-score) and sweat chloride concentrations (-54 mMol/L, 6 PwCF had Cl concentrations within the limit of normality) (Table 1). Over a 6-month period, only one hospitalization due to pulmonary exacerbations was observed, compared with 22 hospitalizations observed in the 6 months before starting ELX/TEZ/IVA (rate per 100 patient-months 15.3 vs 0.7, rate ratio 0.05, 95% CI, 0.01-0.29). Treatment was well tolerated, with only mild and transient adverse events consisting of headache (n = 4), cutaneous rash (n = 2), and mild hemoptysis (n = 2). One PwCF had intestinal subocclusion and required hospitalization. One patient had liver function test elevation after 6 months of therapy during an Changes in clinical variables and sweat test results from baseline through 6 months in patients treated with elexacaftor, tezacaftor and ivacaftor. Data are medians (interquartile ranges). Baseline vs 6 months compared usingWilcoxon signed-rank test. ppFEV1, percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second;ppFVC, percentage predicted forced vital capacity;ppFEV25/75, percentage predicted forced expiratory flow at 25/75%;LCI, lung clearance index;BMI, body mass index;Cl, chloride. (Table Presented) episode of SARS-COV2 infection, which required adjustment of the dose administered. Conclusion(s): Our data confirm that ELX/TEZ/IVA treatment is safe, well tolerated, and effective in PwCF. ELX/TEZ/IVA improved pulmonary function and nutritional status and remarkably reduced hospitalization rate. Our data indicate that introduction of ELX/TEZ/IVA in CF care will radically change the natural history of and management approach to the disease.Copyright © 2022, European Cystic Fibrosis Society. All rights reserved
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The COVID-19 pandemic has caused changes in people's lifestyles, mainly in healthy eating habits and behaviors. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the association of eating habits, family eating behaviors, lifestyles, and perception of nutritional status with the risk of overnutrition in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 661 Chilean children and adolescents. The study tool was an online self-report questionnaire taken during the COVID-19 lockdown. We observed overnutrition in 37.5%. Habits such as sleeping the recommended number of hours by age group and having healthy family behaviors decreased the risk of overnutrition by 49.0% (OR= 0.510, p= <0.001) and 10.8% (OR= 0.892, p= 0.01), respectively. Parents' perception of weight gain during the pande-mic, the distortion of nutritional status and the health risk of their children's nutritional status increased 4.8 (OR= 4.846, p= <0.001), 8.5 (OR= 8.580, p= <0.001) and 3.8 (OR= 3.826, p= <0.001) times, respectively, the risk of overnutrition in children and adolescents. In conclusion, the COVID-19 lockdown and school closures may have affected lifestyles. In addition, the role of parents in the perception of nutritional status and family eating behaviors is fundamental since they could be a predictor of the risk of overnutrition. These findings propose further research to design plans and programs to avoid the consequences related to overweight and obesity.Copyright © 2023, Sociedad Chilena de Nutricion Bromatologia y Toxilogica. All rights reserved.
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BACKGROUND: Nursing home residences suffered a lockdown from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study prospectively evaluates the frailty, functional, and nutritional statuses of nursing home residents. METHODS: Three hundred and one residents from three nursing homes took part in the study. Frailty status was measured using the FRAIL scale. Functional status was evaluated using the Barthel Index. Additionally, Short Physical Performance Batter (SPPB), SARC-F, hand-grip strength, and gait speed were also evaluated. Nutritional status was determined using the mini nutritional assessment test (MNA) and several anthropometrical and biochemical markers. RESULTS: Mini Nutritional Assessment test scores decreased in 20% throughout the confinement (p < .001). Barthel index, SPPB and SARC-F scores also decreased, although to a lesser extent, reflecting a decrease in functional capacity. However, both anthropometric parameters, hand grip strength and gait speed, remained stable throughout confinement (p > .050 in all cases). Morning cortisol secretion significantly decreased by 40% from baseline to post-confinement. A significant reduction in daily cortisol variability was observed, which may suggest increased distress. Fifty-six residents died during the period of confinement (81.4% survival rate). Sex, FRAIL and Barthel Index scores were significant predictors of resident survival. CONCLUSION: After the first COVID-19 blockade, several alterations in residents' frailty markers were observed, which were small and potentially reversible. However, many of the residents were pre-frail after the lockdown. This fact highlights the need for preventive strategies to reduce the impact of future social and physical stressors on these vulnerable individuals.
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Objective: The economic and political crisis experienced by Brazil, together with the COVID-19 pandemic, may have negatively impacted the food consumption of Brazilian families over recent years. This study aimed to analyze trends in food consumption among adults in a Brazilian northeastern state. Methods: This was an epidemiological study which involved the analysis of data from the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) relating to the food consumption of adults (20-59 years-of-age) in the state of Ceará in 2015 and 2020. Data are presented by frequency distribution. Results: In the year 2015-2020, the food consumption of 14,840 adults were registered in SISVAN. There was evidence of a decline in the habit of having three main meals a day (-63.5%), mainly among women (-67.9%). Between 2015 and 2020, there was a decline in the consumption of beans (-7.4%) and an increase in the consumption of fruits (68.2%) and vegetables (82.9%). When considering ultra-processed foods, there was a significant increase in the consumption of hamburgers and sausages (83.3%), cookies (39.1%) and sweetened beverages (25.5%). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the habit of having three main meals a day decreased between 2015 and 2020 in the adult population of Ceará, as determined by public data available in SISVAN, especially among women. In addition, there was an increase in the consumption of ultra-processed foods. Therefore, health interventions aimed at nutritional education and the fight against hunger are essential to face these challenges that affect society.
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The coronavirus (Covid-19), which was recognized in December 2019 and quickly became a worldwide pandemic, has become a significant public health problem. When it comes the immune and infectious diseases, effects of nutrition on the inflammatory system cannot be ignored. Micronutrients, including vitamins and minerals, are critical to a well-functioning immune system and vital in supporting nutritional and health well-being. However, there are serious vitamin and mineral deficiencies worldwide known as "Hidden Hunger". It is thought that need for micronutrients in nutrition may increase especially during Covid-19 pandemic process. Therefore, it is essential take precautions regarding the formation of hidden hunger. While the underlying determinants and complexity of malnutrition have been better understood through years of research, these researches have been limited in scaling, developing and implementing nutrition and food system approaches closely related to sustainable agriculture targeting food diversity and livelihoods. In this review, the Covid-19 pandemic and its interactions with health, environment, food and their relationship to chronic micronutrient deficiencies, known as 'hidden hunger,' which affected more than two billion people worldwide, are evaluated.
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BACKGROUND: Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease and often found as a comorbid in COVID-19. Poor glycemic control might play a role in worsening of clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients who lead to increase morbidity and mortality. AIM: We conducted a study to evaluate relationship between T2DM with or without macrovascular and microvascular complications and cigarette smoking habit with COVID-19 outcomes. METHOD(S): A cross-sectional study of hospitalized COVID-19 patients was conducted in Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar from May 2020 to August 2020. COVID-19 status was obtained using real-time polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV-2, T2DM status was obtained using blood glucose or HbA1c, and other characteristic data were obtained. Mortality was the clinical outcome in our study. RESULT(S): One hundred and six subjects data were enrolled. Most subjects were male (n = 55;51.9%), and 55-65 year-old (n = 40;37.7%). Eighty subjects were survived (75.5%) and 26 subjects did not survive (24.5%). Onset of T2DM >= 5 years had a higher mortality rate compared to onset < 5 years (34.9% vs. 17.5%;p = 0.041). Other factors such as gender, age, nutritional status, hypertension, heart disease, smoking habit, and HbA1c did not show significant difference in terms of mortality. CONCLUSION(S): COVID-19 patients with onset of T2DM for more than 5 years had a worse outcome compared to the onset of T2DM <5 years.Copyright © 2023 Malik Chandra, Andi Makbul Aman, Himawan Sanusi, Husaini Umar.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be life threating if untreated. Early diagnosis and effective nutritional management can save life. To assess the nutritional status and predict possible outcomes of critical patients Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), nutrition risk in critically ill patients (NUTRIC), and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) score has been used. This retrospective observational study was conducted on confirmed COVID-19 cases in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Shifa hospital between November 24, 2020 to May 31, 2021. The demographic, clinical and laboratory information was obtained from hospital records. Risk factors for COVID-19 were identified and compared using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The nutritional risk for each patient was assessed. In this study 162 COVID-19 patients with median age of 64 years (IQR: 56-74) were included. Hypertension (59.2%) was found to be the most common comorbidity and the most prevalent symptoms upon admission were fever (54.9%). The patients in critical condition were supplied nutrients through nasogastric route (61.7%) while 37.7% and 0.6 % were assisted through oral and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) route. The Glasgow comma score was found to be mild (72.2%) (GCS>12) with increased creatinine, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein (CRP C), and glycosylated haemoglobin HbA1c level were present. Interestingly based on SOFA, APACHE and NUTRIC score low insignificant malnutrition risk was observed. Our study found different demographic factors and comorbidities have a substantial impact on COVID19 patients, as evidenced by demographic, laboratory, clinical, and nutritional risk factors.
ABSTRACT
Globally, diet quality is poor, with populations failing to adhere to national dietary guidelines.(1) Such failure has been consistently linked with poorer health outcomes.(2) Examples of malnutrition include both under- and over-nutrition, with overweight and obesity now a significant health problem worldwide.(3) Other commonly occurring examples of malnutrition are micronutrient deficiencies with iron, vitamin A and iodine deficiencies being the most frequently occurring globally. These nutritional challenges have been influenced by recent global world events, including the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine and the related economic uncertainties;with all of these events influencing food supply and food security. Diet and health status is socio-economically patterned, and such inequalities are likely to have been enhanced as a result of these recent events. In addition to the impact of diet on health outcomes it is increasingly recognised that what we eat, and the resulting food system, has significant environmental or planetary health impacts, and research activity is growing in terms of understanding the detail of these impacts, what changes are required to reduce these impacts and also how the impact of climate change on our food supply can be mitigated. Given the complexity of the interactions between climate change, other world events, food and health, and the different actors and drivers that influence these, a systems thinking approach to capture such complexity is essential.(4) Such an approach will help address the challenges set by the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in the form of the Sustainable Development Goals, which are a call to action to end poverty and inequality, protect the planet, and ensure that all people enjoy health, justice and prosperity.(5) Progress against SDGs has been challenging with an ultimate target of 2030. While the scientific uncertainties regarding diet and public and planetary health need to be addressed, equal attention needs to be paid to the structures and systems, as there is a need for multi-level, coherent and sustained structural interventions and policies across the full food system/supply chain to effect behavior change. Such systems-level change must always keep nutritional status, including impact on micronutrient status, in mind. However, benefits to both population and environmental health could be expected from achieving dietary behaviour change towards more sustainable diets.